Course:                       CM6420-S6:   Christian Theologies in Asia

 

Semester:                   Spring 2007 (Second Half)

Time:                          Monday 6:00-9:00 p.m.

Room:                         Northwestern Hall 251

Professor:                   Dr. Charles Amjad-Ali

Office:                         210G Northwestern Hall

Office Hours:             Wednesday 11:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.

By Appointment at extension 523 or camjad@luthersem.edu

 

Course Description:

 

Asia is the largest continent in the world with some over 60% of the world population and 22% of the total number of countries. It is highly diverse and with some of the oldest civilizations on record, there are however deep differences and even divisions in Asia. Those in control of its destiny in recent years have tried to carve it into many smaller pieces because of these old and abiding differences and divisions. The “Middle East” as an arbitrary region is the best example; we do not even ask any more what the term means or designates: Middle of where and East of what? Besides these divisions there are many commonalities, for example the colonial control of large swaths of Asia, the emergence of independent nations since the Second World War and the debilitating and pervasive poverty and struggle for just, participatory, and sustainable democracies. In the context of democracy, Asia has both the largest democracy in the world in India and the last of the communist world which survived the 1989 collapse of USSR in China. Between these two extremes Asia has had hard totalitarian dictatorships and genuine struggles for democracy and non-violence. It has some of the strongest economies in Japan and Korea and the growing dominant economies of China and India. The four largest Muslim countries in the world in the order of population, Indonesia, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, are all located in Asia. Indonesia alone has more Muslims than the whole Arabic speaking world.  In this context it must also be critically remembered that Asia is the birth place of all the major religions of the world, including Christianity, which has been so usurped that it is now treated as an exclusively western religion even by Asians, as is Judaism.

 

This course is primarily concerned with introducing the students even though ever so briefly to the theological terrain which has been traversed by the Christians of Asia over the last century or so. We are not simply concerned with the content of their theology and confessional positions; we are more concerned about their epistemology which grounds their theological understanding, task and discourse and faith praxes, including their understanding of the missio dei.

 

This sphere of inquiry remains an arena of deep-rooted dispute and even acrimony between scholars. Based on the missionary heritage and the dominance of the western theological method, these Asian theologians have faced the dilemma that if they wish to apply the nomenclature of theology to their efforts, they must do so in identical fashion to the western theological method in most essential respects or they will be reduced to what has been called “genitive” theology, cf. “theology of…” They are never be given the full credit of normative theological task. Thus the western theology is universal and all other theologies are particular and specific. So the argument goes that all theologies either follow the same method and parameters utilized in the west or be relegated to the margin of yet another genitive theology which has no more relevance than a subjective contextuality.

 

Requirements:

 

  1. Students must attend all classes, complete all reading assignments on time, and contribute substantially to the seminar discussions.
  2. Each student will be in charge of leading one discussion on the assigned readings and prepare 2-3 paged, double spaced papers for every member of the class. In this paper and in the class presentation the student will:

a)      highlight the issue(s) which the author is focusing on and covering;

b)      explain the logic and rationale the author follows to explain the problem and look for its resolutions;

c)      having accomplished the first two steps, only then should you approach the third step which is to first critique the logic and method applied to deal with the issue(s) and then discuss whether the parameters and various components of the issue(s) have been laid out as you think they should and then give your own opinion on this issue(s). If you make such a critique you should give solid reasons for the critique.

d)      Given the size of the class and brief time we have together we may have four such presentations per class.

  1. Besides this paper each student will also write up (1-2 double spaced paper) and make a response in the class to a discussion paper of your choice.

 

For assignment 2 and 3 you need to sign up immediately on the reading of your choice below.

 

There will be a final paper of 8-10 double space pages to be submitted on the day of the final exam as indicated in the catalogue, i.e., May 17, except for the graduating students for whom it is due on May 14 for their graduation requirement. These dates are not negotiable.

 

Bibliography:

I am giving below the over all bibliography which I feel we need to cover but given the brief time we have together, I have made the essential reading available at following link www.luthersem.edu/camjad/CM6420/cm6420readinglist.htm

 

Recommended Reading List

 

1.      Commission of Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, ed., Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1983 revised edition) BR1325 .M56

 

2.      Elwood, Douglas J., What Asian Christians Are Thinking: A Theological Source Book (Quezon City, Philippines: New Day Publishers, 1976) BT30.A8 W5

 

3.      Joseph, M.P., ed. Confronting Life: Theology out of the Context (Delhi: ISPCK, 1995) BT30.D44 C66

 

4.       King, Ursula, ed., Feminist Theology from the Third World: A Reader (Maryknoll, New York: 1994) BT83.55 .F453

 

5.      Koyama, Kosuke, Mount Fuji and Mount Sinai: A Critique of Idols (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1985) BR85. K698

 

6.      Koyama, Kosuke, Water Buffalo Theology: (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1999) BR85. K7 1999

 

7.      Phan, Peter C., In Our Own Tongues: Perspectives from Asia on Mission and Inculturation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003) BV3151.3 .P48

 

8.      Pieris, Aloysius, Love Meets Wisdom: A Christian Experience of Buddhism (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988) BR128.B9 P54

 

9.      Pieris, Aloysius, An Asian Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988) BT83.57 .P52

 

10.  Samartha, S.J. Courage for Dialogue: Ecumenical Issues in Inter-Religious Relationships (Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1981) BR127 .S24

 

11.  Samartha, S.J. One Christ – Many Religions: Toward a Revised Christology (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1991) BT205 .S25

 

12.  Song, C.S., Third Eye Theology (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1979) BT78 .S66

 

13.  Song, C.S., Christian Mission in Reconstruction: An Asian Analysis (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1975) BV3151. S66

 

14.  Sugirtharajah, R.S.,  Asian Biblical Hermeneutics and Postcolonialism: Contesting the Interpretations (Maryknoll, Orbis Books, 1998) BS 476 .S93

 

15.  Sugirtharajah, R.S., The Bible and the Third World: Precolonial, Colonial and Postcolonial Encounters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) BS 476 .S932

 

16.  Sugirtharajah, R.S., Postcolonial Criticism and Biblical Interpretation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002) BS 476.S934

 

17.  Sugirtharajah, R.S., Postcolonial Reconfigurations: An Alternative Way of Reading the Bible and Doing Theology (St. Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2003) BS 476 .S9342

 

18.  Thomas, M.M. Some Theological Dialogues (Madras, India: Diocesan Press, 1977) BT30.I6 C5 no.14

 

19.  Thomas, M.M. The Acknowledged Christ of the Indian Renaissance (London: SCM Press Ltd., 1969) BT304.94.T5

 

Week 1:          April 2:  General Introduction to the course, its themes and issues.

 

Easter Break: April 5-10

 

Week 2:          April 16:  General Introduction to the themes and issues continued.

 

Week 3:          April 23: 

Elwood, Douglas J., What Asian Christians Are Thinking: A Theological Source Book (Quezon City, Philippines: New Day Publishers, 1976).

 

Commission of Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, ed., Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1983 revised edition).

Emerito P. Nacpil, "The Critical Asian Principle" pp. 3-6
Christian Conference of Asia, "The Confessing Church in Asia and the Mission of the Church" pp. 41-46
Bong Rin Ro, "Contextualization: Asian Theology" pp. 47-58
Saphir P. Athyal, "Toward an Asian Christian Theology" pp. 68-84
Paulos Gregorios, "On God's Death: An Orthodox Contribution to the Problem of Knowing God" pp. 159-172

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Week 4:          April 30:

Commission of Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, ed., Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1983 revised edition).

D. Preman Niles, "Introduction" pp. 1-11
Suh Kwang-sun David, "Korean Theological Development in the 1970s" pp. 38-46
Suh Nam-dong, "Toward a Theology of Han" pp. 55-72
Moon Hee-suk Cyris, "An Old Testament Understanding of Minjung" pp. 123-137
Ahn Byung-mu, "Jesus and the Minjung in the Gospel of Mark" pp. 138-154
Kim Yong-bock, "Messiah and Minjung: Discerning Messianic Politics over against Political Messianism" pp. 183-194

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Week 5:          May 7: 

King, Ursula, ed., Feminist Theology from the Third World: A Reader (Maryknoll, New York: 1994)

Kwok Pui-lan, "The Future of Feminist Theology: An Asian Perspective" pp. 63-76
Marianne Katoppo, "The Church and Prostitution in Asia" pp. 114-123
Yayori Matsui, "Violence against Women in Development, Militarism, and Culture" pp. 124-134
Swarnalatha Devi, "The Struggle of Dalit Christian Women in India" pp. 135-138
Marianne Katoppo, "The Concept of God and the Spirit from the Feminist Perspective" pp. 244-250
Mary John Mananzan, "Theological Perspectives of a Religious Woman Today— Four trends of the Emerging Spirituality" pp. 340-350
Aruna Gnanadason, "Women and Spirituality in Asia" pp. 351-360

 

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Week 6:          May 14: General Themes and Conclusions.

Pieris, Aloysius, An Asian Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988)

Chapter 7: "Toward an Asian Theology of Liberation" pp 69-86; 131-133
Chapter 8: "The Place of Non-Christian Religions and Cultures in the Evolution of Third World Theology:" pp 87-110; 133-136
Chapter 9: "A Theology of Liberation in Asian Churches?" pp 111-126; 136-137

Song, C.S., Third Eye Theology (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1979)

Chapter 10: “A Political God” pp. 200-22; 272-273
Chapter 12: “The Politics of the Resurrection” pp. 243-259; 274

 

 

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Final Class discussion on the impact of the class

 

May 17:           Final Exams and Papers Due